With thanks to @Mental_Elf for supporting and summarising the chat below:

There were 96 individuals who contributed to the conversation and it was a real mix of people, including service users, carers, health and social care professionals (with lots of nurses obviously), researchers and academics, even a librarian or two, which was nice. Here’s my summary of the discussion.

What are the main barriers you face when trying to keep up to date with new research?

I started the chat by asking what prevented people from keeping up to date and as you would expect the main barriers people highlighted were a lack of time, not being able to find published research, and having insufficient appraisal skills to assess the reliability of the evidence.

There was some consensus around the idea that reading research and using it in practice was not usually part of nursing culture and even that some student nurses were frightened of research.

We discussed problems of access with a huge proportion of the evidence locked away behind paywalls and we touched on the issue that research often asks quite different questions to those that arise in every day nursing practice.
 

How do you decide what to read and what to cast aside?

People were very practical in their response to this question. The evidence-based gurus would like to think that professionals only choose to read the best available evidence, but of course in reality we primarily look for studies that are relevant to our area of work. Whether they are well conducted or presented papers is sometimes of secondary concern.

The diverse group who took part in the chat presented a number of options for sorting the wheat from the chaff. Some focused mainly on reliable sources (e.g. NICE, Cochrane), others targeted what they felt were evidence-based summaries and blogs, while some people relied more on the publications in their field (perhaps the guidelines coming from their professional membership body or the research papers in their professional journal).

The group agreed that it was eminently sensible to only read unbiased sources, but there was some debate about how to tell whether a source was biased or not. There are no easily accessible lists that can help with this.

What sources of evidence do you find most useful? (e.g. colleagues, guidelines, journals, websites, textbooks, social media etc.)

People recognised the potential biases involved in relying on advice from colleagues, although the people we work with are often inevitably the first source of answers to our questions. Many highlighted the value of social media as a way to build your own network of trusted colleagues who can share relevant and reliable evidence with you.

Sources flagged up by the chat participants included evidence-based guidelines from national bodies like NICE, systematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration and others, relevant journals, Science blogs like Evidently Cochrane, national information services such as the now defunct NHS Direct.

Other different types of research were also highlighted as important for answering specific types of questions. Qualitative research was mentioned by some as was mixed methods research, which is becoming increasingly popular. There was a general feeling that limiting just to evidence-based research (i.e. systematic reviews, RCTs etc) is never going to suffice for nurses or indeed other health and social care professionals.

We all stressed the importance of ensuring that the sources of evidence we used provided us with reliable research, whilst recognising that information also had to be usable (i.e. clear, simple and readable). It was noted that high quality research such as systematic reviews can be quite inaccessible and unusable, which means that busy professionals simply don’t use them.

Many chat participants commented that Twitter had dramatically increased their access to high quality research and interesting discussions about this research. I guess the tweet chat was a pretty biased sample in this regard, but it’s undeniably an important source of evidence for nurses and others.

I pointed out some of the key databases for nurses (Cochrane, Medline, Cinahl and the British Nursing Index) and suggested starting at the HDAS simple search if you work for the NHS (have an OpenAthens account) and feel a literature search coming on. I also recommended the TRIP Database as the best place to start an online search for reliable health information.

So how much time do you all have for reading research?

There was widespread agreement that nurses have hardly any time for reading at work, so keeping up to date with the latest research requires not just a level of interest in the subject but also the dedication to do the reading in the evening and at weekends. Some people said they liked to have something available to read every day that was brief, relevant to their work and reliable – elf blog anyone? ;-)

It’s interesting to compare the self-reported reading time of different professional groups. Anecdotally we know that people tend to have more time available to them the closer they are to their original medical training, which makes sense. Of course in some ways, the further you get from your medical training, the greater the need to read the latest evidence relevant to your professional role. However, no-one has enough time to keep up to date with the avalanche of high quality evidence that is now being published every week.

Do you feel confident critically appraising research and deciding whether or not it’s relevant (to your work) and reliable?

Critical appraisal is important because it helps you decide if research is relevant and trustworthy, plus helping you determine what the results of individual research papers actually mean in practice.

There was a fairly wide range of responses to this question. Some people felt confident appraising the quality of research, whilst others felt that their skills needed updating or sometimes even that they never had the skills in the first place.

I pointed out the excellent CASP critical appraisal checklists and the SIGN critical appraisal checklists were also mentioned. These documents feature sets of questions that you can ask yourself when reading different types of research. They will help you decide whether or not the paper you are reading is reliable and relevant to your specific situation.

Finding the potential flaws in research papers can be tricky, but with a basic set of critical appraisal skills under your belt, you can easily pick out some of the biases that make evidence unreliable.

Reference management tools and RSS readers

The discussion segued briefly into quite nerdy territory as we discussed some of the tools that you can use to organise your evidence.

I recommended the Mendeley software that I use to manage my references and papers. This allows you to download PDFs into an offline or online library, which plugs into your word processor and generates bibliographies for you when you’re writing papers or essays. Very neat and a huge time-saver for anyone who works with reference lists.

I also mentioned the Feedly RSS reader, which is a simple but powerful way to organise all of your database and website feeds (RSS, XML). It brings them all together into one personalised web page that you can use to keep up to date. There are loads of RSS readers out there. Netvibes is quite popular in the NHS and has team working features that Feedly doesn’t, but I quite the simplicity of Feedly that works great on desktop and mobile.

Let’s start a Twitter journal club!

One of the really positive ideas to come out of the discussion was the possibility of starting a Twitter journal club. This could provide the WeCommunities with a regular forum to meet up and discuss specific research papers that have been suggested by the community.

The club would involve meeting on Twitter at regular intervals (much like a tweet chat), but doing a bit of work in advance. Everyone would read the paper that had been selected for that journal club and perhaps conduct a personal critical appraisal of it. When the group came together they would discuss their findings and agree on the strengths and weaknesses of the research. This would help participants build their critical appraisal skills and would also support people in getting research findings into their own practice.

I’ll be discussing the journal club idea more with Teresa later this week, so watch this space for further news.

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